Potassium Fluoride

1. Product Summary of Potassium Fluoride

Product Name: Potassium Fluoride
Synonyms: Anhydrous Potassium Fluoride
CAS NO.: 7789-23-3
Molecular Weight: 58.10
Molecular Formula: KF
CBNumber: CB4237549
Saturated vapor pressure (kPa):133.3Pa (885 DEG C)
Solubility: soluble in water, hydrofluoric acid, liquid ammonia, insoluble in alcohol.
Solubility in water: 44.7g/0 DEG C; 53.5g/10 DEG C; 94.9g/20 DEG C; 108g/30 DEG C; 138g/40 DEG C; 142g/60 DEG C; 150g/80 DEG C;
Single isotope mass: 57.96211 Da
Nominal mass: 58 Da
Average quality: 58.0967 Da
Usage: In the metal finishing, batteries, coatings, photographic chemicals, industrial chemicals. Package: Our potassium fluoride is packaged with aluminum foil bag (20kg/bag) or cardboard drum (75kg/drum), or will be packed upon clients’ requests.

Type of Potassium Fluoride: Potassium fluoride(spray dried).99.5% Min; Potassium fluoride(Granular),99.5% Min; Potassium fluoride,40% solution

Package: 1)20 kg /aluminum foil bag or 75kg/drum (for spray dried KF) 2)25 kg /aluminum foil bag or 25 kg/drum (for Granular KF) 3)1000 L/drum or 20 MT/ISO Tank (for KF,40% solution) Henan Yellow River New Material Technology Co., Ltd. is the largest manufacturer of Potassium Fluoride in the world. We produce the full series of Potassium Fluoride including spray dried KF, granular KF and KF solution.

2. Basic Information of Potassium Fluoride

Potassium Fluoride (KF) is a chemical compound with the CAS registry number 7789-23-3. It is also known as Fluorure de potassium and has a molecular formula of KF with a molecular weight of 58.1. This compound has an EINECS number of 232-151-5 and is typically found in the form of a crystalline powder. It has a high melting point of 858°C and a boiling point of 1505°C. KF is soluble in hydrofluoric acid and liquid ammonia but only slightly soluble in alcohol and acetone.
Potassium Fluoride has two hydrate compounds, KF•2H2O and KF•4H2O. It has good solubility in water and readily absorbs moisture, so it should be stored in a sealed container. Proper storage involves keeping it in a tightly closed container in a cool, dry, ventilated area, away from acids and alkalis. It is incompatible with platinum plus bromine trifluoride and can react with strong acids to form hydrogen fluoride.
KF finds extensive applications in various fields, including as a raw material in the inorganic fluorine industry, for the production of agrochemical and pharmaceutical intermediates, and in the electronic industry for metal surface treatment. In areas with a fluorine deficiency, it is added to table salt as a food additive. KF is also used in the production of flux products and serves as a preservative, catalyzer, and water-absorbing agent.
In scientific research, methods like Infrared (IR) spectroscopy, X-ray phase analysis, and scanning electron microscopy are used to study its properties and behaviors. For instance, KF can be involved in the spontaneous formation of potassium hydrofluoride in certain conditions. This compound can continue to increase in quantity within a sample, and the formation of nanoscale pores can be observed during the aging of a material.

1). Properties of Potassium Fluoride

The other characteristics of Potassium Fluoride (CAS NO.: 7789-23-3) can be summarized as: (1). Specific Gravity: 0.3-0.6; (2) Boiling Point: 1505℃ (2741F); (4) Melting Point: 860℃ (1580F); (5) Vapor Density (Air=1): 2.0.

2). Preparation and Use

Preparation: Potassium Fluoride could be produced through the neutralization method, with the following chemical equation:KOH+HF→KF+H2O.
Use: Potassium Fluoride is widely applied in the preparation for various kinds of organic fluoride. For example, KF could used to promote the processing of the following carbonyl-coupling reaction:

3). Hazard identification of Potassium Fluoride and its according first aid measures:

Hazard identification of Potassium Fluoride are as below:
Skin Contact: Causes severe irritation and possibly burns to the skin. May be absorbed through the skin. Effects may not appear immediately.
Eye Contact: Causes irritation. May be extremely irritating with possible burns to eye tissue and permanent eye damage may result.
Inhalation: May cause irritation and burns to the respiratory tract. May be absorbed through inhalation of dust. Irritation and burning effects may not appear immediately.
Ingestion: May cause salivation, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain, followed by weakness, tremors, shallow respiration, cardopedal spasm, convulsions, and coma. May cause brain and kidney damage. Death may be caused by respiratory paralysis. Affects heart and circulatory system.
Chronic Exposure: Chronic exposure may cause mottling of teeth and bone damage (osteosclerosis) and fluorosis. Symptoms of fluorisis include brittle bones,weight loss, anemia, calcified ligaments, general ill health and joint stiffness.
Aggravation of Pre-existing Conditions: Populations that appear to be at increased risk from the effects of fluoride are individuals that suffer from diabetes insipidus or some forms of renal impairment.

First aid procedures for contacting Potassium Fluoride should be pre-planned for fluoride compound emergencies.
Skin Contact: Promptly wash with soap and water, rinsing until clean. Remove contaminated clothing and wash before reuse. CALL A PHYSICIAN IMMEDIATELY.
Eye Contact: Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, lifting lower and upper eyelids occasionally. Get medical attention immediately.
Inhalation: If inhaled, remove to fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. CALL A PHYSICIAN IMMEDIATELY.
Ingestion: Administer milk, chewable calcium carbonate tablets or milk of magnesia. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. CALL A PHYSICIAN IMMEDIATELY.
Note to Physician: For large exposures, systemic effects (hypocalcemia and hypomagnesia) may occur. Potassium can reduce blood pressure and cause coma.

4). Exposure Controls/Personal Protection

The exposure controls and personal protection of Potassium Fluoride are as below:
Airborne Exposure Limits: - OSHA Permissible Exposure Limit (PEL): 2.5 mg (F)/m3 (TWA) - ACGIH Threshold Limit Value (TLV): 2.5 mg (F)/m3 (TWA)
Ventilation System: A system of local and/or general exhaust is recommended to keep employee exposures below the Airborne Exposure Limits. Local exhaust ventilation is generally preferred because it can control the emissions of the contaminant at its source, preventing dispersion of it into the general work area. Please refer to the ACGIH document, Industrial Ventilation, A Manual of Recommended Practices, most recent edition, for details.
Personal Respirators (NIOSH Approved): If the exposure limit is exceeded, a half-face dust/mist respirator may be worn for up to ten times the exposure limit or the maximum use concentration specified by the appropriate regulatory agency or respirator supplier, whichever is lowest. A full-face piece dust/mist respirator may be worn up to 50 times the exposure limit, or the maximum use concentration specified by the appropriate regulatory agency, or respirator supplier, whichever is lowest. For emergencies or instances where the exposure levels are not known, use a full-facepiece positive-pressure, air-supplied respirator. WARNING: Air-purifying respirators do not protect workers in oxygen-deficient atmospheres.
Skin Protection: If dealing with Potassium Fluoride, wear impervious protective clothing, including boots, gloves, lab coat, apron or coveralls, as appropriate, to prevent skin contact.
Eye Protection: If contact with Potassium Fluoride, use chemical safety goggles and/or full face shield where dusting or splashing of solutions is possible. Maintain eye wash fountain and quick-drench facilities in work area.
In addition, if in the event of a fire, wear full protective clothing and NIOSH-approved self-contained breathing apparatus with full facepiece operated in the pressure demand or other positive pressure mode.

5). Descriptors of Structure of Potassium Fluoride

(1)SMILES:[F-].[K+]
(2)Std. InChI:InChI=1S/FH.K/h1H;/q;+1/p-1
(3)Std. InChIKey:NROKBHXJSPEDAR-UHFFFAOYSA-M

6). Toxicity Information of Potassium Fluoride

Organism	Test Type	Route	Reported Dose (Normalized Dose)	Effect	Source
frog	LDLo	subcutaneous	420mg/kg (420mg/kg)		Comptes Rendus des Seances de la Societe de Biologie et de Ses Filiales. Vol. 124, Pg. 133, 1937.
guinea pig	LDLo	oral	250mg/kg (250mg/kg)		"Merck Index; an Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals", 11th ed., Rahway, NJ 07065, Merck & Co., Inc. 1989Vol. 11, Pg. 1214, 1989.
mouse	LD50	intraperitoneal	40030ug/kg (40.03mg/kg)		Deutsche Zahnaerztliche Zeitschrift. Vol. 34, Pg. 484, 1979.
rat	LD50	intraperitoneal	64mg/kg (64mg/kg)		U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, University of Rochester, Research and Development Reports. Vol. UR-154, Pg. 1951,
frog	LD50	oral	245mg/kg (245mg/kg)		U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, University of Rochester, Research and Development Reports. Vol. UR-154, Pg. 1951,

potassium fluoride solution Product Overview

Solvay Fluorides, LLC does not sell potassium fluoride solution (KF) directly to consumers.Most potassium fluoride solution is used in industrial applications and processes.

3. Product Uses

Potassium Fluoride (KF) is a versatile compound used in various industries and applications, ranging from chemical synthesis to electronics and more.

• Industrial Textile Processing and Laundries: Potassium fluoride solution is employed for pH adjustment in industrial textile processing facilities and laundries. It helps in maintaining the desired pH levels in these processes.
• Chemical Synthesis: KF serves as an intermediate or raw material in chemical synthesis and processes. It is frequently utilized in the production of agrichemical and pesticide products.
• Nucleophilic Fluorination Reactions: KF is a key reagent for nucleophilic fluorination reactions. In recent years, various promoters and catalysts, such as ionic liquids, modified crown ethers, and transition metal catalysts, have been used to enhance the reactivity, selectivity, and efficiency of KF in nucleophilic substitution reactions.
• Versatile Organofluorine Compounds: KF, in combination with catalysts or promoters, is employed to synthesize versatile organofluorine compounds, expanding its utility in organic chemistry.
• Applications in Various Industries: KF is used in glass engraving, food preservation, and plating. It can also act as a welding flux, insecticide, catalyst, and absorbent (for HF and moisture). It is utilized as a fluorinating agent for organic compounds, particularly in the production of agrichemical and pesticide products.
• In the Electronics Industry: In the field of electronics, potassium fluoride is used for post-deposition treatment (KF-PDT) in the production of CIGS solar cells, leading to improved cell conversion efficiency.

Potassium fluoride Uses References:

《Potassium fluoride improving the ignition and combustion performance of micron-sized aluminum particles in high temperature water vapor》, Wei Shi,Baoxin Dai,Baozhong Zhu,Yunlan Sun &Ying Chen, Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects Volume 45, 2023 - Issue 2

To improve the ignition and combustion characteristics and combustion efficiency of micron-sized aluminum particle in high temperature water vapor atmosphere, a self-designed tube furnace setup was used to study the effects of potassium fluoride (KF) on the ignition and combustion characteristics of micron-sized aluminum particle in high temperature water vapor.

《Effect of silver diamine fluoride/potassium iodide treatment on the prevention of dental erosion in primary teeth: an in vitro study, Lamia Khairy Gadallah》, Engie Mohamed Safwat, Reham Sayed Saleh, Shereen Musa Azab & Maha Moussa Azab , BDJ Open volume 9, Article number: 24 (2023)

The application of potassium iodide KI following SDF was supposed to reduce the potential staining caused by SDF application by scavenging the free silver ions and forming a creamy white silver iodide precipitate.

Exposure Potential

Workplace Exposure: Potassium fluoride is identified as corrosive and toxic when ingested, inhaled, or in contact with the skin and eyes. Exposure can occur in facilities involved in the manufacturing, packaging, storage, or transportation of KF. Individuals engaged in maintenance, sampling, testing activities, and loading/unloading KF containers are at a higher risk of exposure. To minimize the likelihood of exposure, adhering to good industrial hygiene practices is recommended. For those engaged in higher-risk activities, the use of proper personal protective equipment, including rubber gloves, boots, goggles, hard hats, and face shields in cases of potential splashes, is essential.

Exposure Limits: Exposure limits for potassium bifluoride (per OSHA, ACGIH, and other agencies) are listed based on "fluoride" content rather than specifically for KBF. Safety Data Sheets should be consulted for information regarding specific exposure limits.

Consumer Exposure: While Solvay Fluorides, LLC does not directly sell potassium fluoride solution to consumers, it may be present in some consumer cleaning products. Users are advised to follow the manufacturer's usage instructions and label recommendations when handling such products.

Environmental Releases: In the event of spills of potassium fluoride solution, containment and isolation measures should be taken to prevent contamination of waterways, sewers, or drains. The affected area should be thoroughly washed down with ample water. Lime or calcium hydroxide can be used to neutralize contaminated water and immobilize fluoride ions as calcium fluoride. Disposal should be carried out in compliance with relevant local, state, or federal regulations. Persons involved in spill cleanup must wear appropriate personal protective equipment.

Fires: Fires involving potassium fluoride solution should be extinguished using appropriate methods considering the circumstances and the surrounding environment. It's noted that hazardous decomposition products, such as hydrogen fluoride vapor, may be generated if KF is involved in a fire. Firefighters responding to such incidents should wear self-contained breathing apparatus and protective suits.

For additional information concerning potassium fluoride solution emergency response procedures,please consult the Safety Data Sheet.

Health Information

potassium fluoride can be highly corrosive and pose various health risks when in contact with the skin, eyes, through inhalation, or ingestion, including burns, respiratory issues, and potential severe consequences such as hypocalcemia and heart problems. Proper handling and safety precautions are crucial when dealing with this substance.

1. Contact with Skin or Eyes:

   Contact with KF can lead to skin irritation, redness, and swelling, which may progress to severe burns if not promptly treated.

   Eye exposure to KF can result in severe eye irritation, burns, or even blindness.

2. Inhalation:

   Inhaling KF vapors can cause a range of symptoms, including irritation of the nose and throat, coughing, and breathing difficulties.

   Aspiration of KF can lead to pulmonary edema (fluid on the lungs) and pneumonitis (lung inflammation).

   Repeated or prolonged exposures may result in symptoms like a sore throat, nosebleeds, and chronic bronchitis.

   Prolonged exposure may cause hypocalcemia (reduced calcium levels), leading to nervous problems (tetany) and irregular heartbeats (cardiac arrhythmia) or spasms.

3. Ingestion:

   Ingesting KF can cause burns in the mouth and throat, and it may result in the perforation of the esophagus and stomach.

   Other symptoms of KF ingestion include nausea, bloody vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, difficulty breathing, throat swelling, loss of consciousness, coma, and heart failure.

4. Other Effects:

   The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has not classified sodium fluoride solution, a related substance, as carcinogenic (cancer-causing).

Environmental Information

Potassium fluoride solution is not known to bioaccumulate or persist in the environment for more  than a few days. For more ecological and environmental information concerning this product, please consult the Safety Data Sheet.

Physical Hazard Information

Potassium fluoride solution is corrosive and can corrode some metals. It is not flammable or explosive.Exposure of potassium fluoride solution to strong acids, strong bases, metals, glass or high temperatures can cause decomposition. Decomposition of potassium fluoride solution will result in the liberation of hydrogen fluoride gas.

For more information concerning the physical hazards of this product, please consult the Safety Data Sheet.

Regulatory Information

Potassium fluoride and Sodium fluoride are both white crystals with a rock-salt structure. However, they have distinct properties and applications:

• Potassium Fluoride (KF):

  1. Potassium fluoride is hygroscopic, meaning it easily absorbs moisture from the air.
  2. It readily dissolves in water, with high solubility (92.3g/100g water at 18℃).
  3. It has dihydrate and tetrahydrate forms.
  4. It is alkaline and can easily undergo addition reactions with hydrogen fluoride to produce acid salts.
  5. It is useful in organic chemistry as a source of fluoride ions, making it an effective organic fluorinating agent.
  6. It can participate in halogen exchange fluorination reactions.

• Sodium Fluoride (NaF):

  1. Sodium fluoride is insoluble in water at high temperatures (indissolvable at 100℃, 5g/100ml water).
  2. It can be prepared by reacting sodium silicofluoride with sodium hydroxide in an industrial process.
  3. Sodium fluoride is known for being cost-effective among alkali metal fluorides.
  4. It has applications in the atomic energy industry, primarily as an adsorbent for hydrogen fluoride and in various other industrial processes.
  5. It can react with hydrogen fluoride to form acid salts.

Potassium hydrogen fluoride, also known as "potassium hydrogen fluoride," "acid potassium fluoride," or "heavy potassium fluoride," is a hydrofluoric acid salt with the chemical formula KHF2 and a molecular weight of 78.11. It is a colorless isometric system crystal that is prone to deliquescence and is highly toxic. This compound has a relative density of 2.369 g/cm3 and is soluble in water and potassium acetate but insoluble in ethanol. Its aqueous solution is acidic and strongly corrosive to glass and ceramics. When heated to about 225°C, it can decompose, and in humid air, it can absorb moisture and release hydrogen fluoride.

Regulations may exist that govern the manufacture, sale, export, import, storage, transportation,use and/or disposal of this chemical. These regulations can vary by city, state, country or geographic region. Information may be found by consulting the relevant Safety Data Sheet specific to your country or region.

Potassium fluoride KF Supplier

Henan Yellow River New Material Technology Co., Ltd. is the world's largest manufacturer of Potassium Fluoride, offering a full series of Potassium Fluoride products, including spray-dried KF, granular KF, and KF solution. Potassium Fluoride (KF) is a chemical compound with a formula of KF and CAS registry number 7789-23-3. It is a crystalline powder with a molecular weight of 58.10, a melting point of 858℃, a boiling point of 1505℃, and a density of 2.481 g/cm3. KF is highly soluble in water, easily absorbs moisture, and should be stored in sealed containers. KF serves as a primary source of fluoride ions for various chemical reactions. Its aqueous solution is alkaline and can etch glass.

The main differences between high-activity anhydrous potassium fluoride and common anhydrous potassium fluoride are as follows:

1. Purity and Reactivity: High-activity anhydrous potassium fluoride has high purity and uniform particle size, resulting in high reactivity. It is specifically designed for organic fluorination reactions, offering high yield with a lower dosage. It can serve as a cost-effective alternative to traditional fluorination reactions.
2. Proportion: The way high-activity anhydrous potassium fluoride and common anhydrous potassium fluoride are produced differs, leading to varying proportions. The former typically has a proportion ranging from about 0.3 to about 1.2, while the latter is considered the better reagent.
3. Production Method: High-activity potassium fluoride is often produced through spray drying, resulting in smaller particle sizes and a larger specific surface area. This unique production method enhances its kinetics, reactivity, and thermodynamic stability, making it significantly more effective than ordinary potassium fluoride.
4. Specific Surface Area: High-activity potassium fluoride has a specific surface area of around 13 square meters per gram, which is substantially higher than the specific surface area of ordinary potassium fluoride, typically ranging from 0.04 to 0.13 square meters per gram.

Henan Yellow River New Material Technology Co., Ltd. packages its potassium fluoride in aluminum foil bags (20kg/bag) or cardboard drums (75kg/drum) or according to clients' specific requirements.

Questions and answers you may encounter when purchasing Potassium Fluoride

Why is potassium fluoride, Kg, more stable than the elements potassium and fluoride that comprise it?

Best Answer:  potassium fluoride kf is more stable as a compound is formed to attain stability , bond formation takes place only if the new compound is more stable or if an excess of energy is given.

potassium has 1 valence electron and it needs to loose it so that it attains noble gas config.

fluorine has 7 valence electron and needs 1 to attain noble gas config so k looses one and f gains one to form kf

Why sodium or potassium fluoride used an alcohol blood test?

Bromine and aqueous potassium fluoride, reaction? 

What is the balanced formula for the compound potassium fluoride and how did you come up with it ?

Why does calcium sulfide have a higher melting point that potassium fluoride?

Difference between Stannous fluoride and Potassium Nitrate?

The market price of Potassium Fluoride is constantly changing. If you have purchase needs, please be sure to contact us to get the latest product quotations and preferential information.

Hydrofluoric acid suppier Henan Yellow River New Material Technology Co., Ltd. is a leading fluoride manufacturer. Relying on our advantages in technology and raw materials, we can supply you with higher quality potassium fluoride products at lower prices.

One way to make potassium fluoride is to react the hydroxide with hydrofluoric acid. The resulting salt can then be purified by recrystallization.

KOH(aq) + HF(aq) → KF(aq) + H2O(l)

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  Crystal structure of potassium fluoride.

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  Real picture of POTASSIUM FLUORIDE samples

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  Thermodynamic properties and solubility of potassium fluoride in aqueous solutions at various temperatures

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  Potassium fluoride doped fluorapatite and hydroxyapatite as new catalysts in organic synthesis