Hydrofluoric acid is a colorless transparent liquid. An aqueous solution of hydrogen fluoride gas, is weak acid. Irritating smell. Reaction with silicon and silicon compounds to produce gaseous silicon tetrafluoride, but the plastic, paraffin, lead, gold, platinum does not play the role of corrosion. Can be miscible with water and ethanol. The relative density is 1.298.38.2%, hydrofluoric acid is an azeotropic mixture with azeotropic point of 112.2 ° C. Toxic, minimal lethal dose (rat, peritoneal) 25mG / kG. Corrosive, can strongly corrode metal, glass and silicon-containing objects. Such as inhalation of steam or contact with the skin can form a more difficult to heal ulcers.

Due to the ability of hydrofluoric acid to dissolve oxides, it plays an important role in the purification of aluminum and uranium. Hydrofluoric acid is also used to etch glass, the semiconductor industry to use it to remove the silicon surface oxide, in the refinery it can be used as isobutane and butane alkylation catalyst, remove the stainless steel surface oxygen impurities of the "acid" process will also use hydrofluoric acid. Hydrofluoric acid is also used for the synthesis of a variety of fluorine-containing organic compounds, such as Teflon (polytetrafluoroethylene) and freon class of refrigerant.

It has been shown that hydrofluoric acid and fused sodium hydroxide can be used for the removal of the glass coating on the surface of microfilaments. The time of removing the glass coating layer with the thickness of 10 μm is about 150 s at room temperature and the molten hydrogen sodium oxide takes about 10 s; glass composition and structure is an important factor affecting the corrosion resistance of glass coated pure copper microfilaments. The corrosive behavior of microfilament in hydrofluoric acid and molten sodium hydroxide was evaluated by the experimental study on the removal of microstructure of microfilament glass. The corrosion behavior of microfilaments in hydrofluoric acid and molten sodium hydroxide was evaluated. The corrosion resistance of glass coated pure copper microfilament in strong acid and alkali was discussed, and its corrosion mechanism was discussed.