Clinical relevance: Hydrofluoric acid etching and si-lanization prior to the adhesive luting to feldspathic ceramic cannot be replaced by heat treatment pro-cedures of the pre-hydrolyzed silane either in a fur-nace or with the application of hot air.

because of the nature of commonly used methods for separating Os from a rock matrix, hydrofluoric acid (HF) is typically not used in such digestions. Consequently, some silicates are not completely dissolved, and HSE residing within these silicates may not be fully accessed. Consistent with this, some recent studies of basaltic reference materials (RMs) have concluded that an HF-desilicification procedure is required to fully access the HSE (Ishikawa et al. (2014) Chemical Geology, 384, 27–46; Li et al. (2015) Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research, 39, 17–30). Highly siderophile element abundance and Os isotope studies of intraplate basalts typically target samples with a range of MgO contents (< 8 to > 18% m/m, or as mass fractions, < 8 to > 18 g per 100 g), in contrast to the lower MgO mass fractions (< 10 g per 100 g) of basalt and diabase RMs (i.e., BIR-1, BHVO-2, TDB-1). 

To investigate the effect of  hydrofluoric acid desilicification on intraplate basalts, experiments were performed on finely ground Azores basalts (8.1–17 g per 100 g MgO) using a ‘standard acid digestion’ (2:1 mixture of concentrated HNO3 and HCl), and a standard acid digestion, followed by HF-desilicification. No systematic trends in HSE abundances were observed between data obtained by standard acid digestion and HF-desilicification. Desilicification procedures using HF do not improve liberation of the HSE from Azores basalts, or some RMs (e.g., WPR-1). 

Discussion of  hydrofluoric acid burns patient treatment methods to improve the cure rate. Method: from 2001 to 2006, 35 cases of hydrofluoric acid burn patients were retrospectively analyzed. Results: 35 patients are satisfied with the treatment, and so does not appear convulsions. Results: early critical, timely and correct first aid, debridement, intravenous calcium, regular monitoring of serum calcium, as soon as possible to remove necrotic wounds, respiratory tract damage and pay attention to prevent systemic complications are successfully treated.